Sponsor: Arcus Biosciences, Inc. (industry)
Phase: 3
Start date: Dec. 13, 2024
Planned enrollment: 610
Quemliclustat, also known as AB680, is an investigational small-molecule inhibitor targeting CD73, an enzyme implicated in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. (investors.arcusbio.com)
CD73 catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine, a molecule that suppresses immune responses. By inhibiting CD73, quemliclustat aims to reduce adenosine levels, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. (aacrjournals.org)
In the Phase 1b ARC-8 study involving 122 patients with treatment-naïve metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC), quemliclustat combined with chemotherapy, with or without the anti-PD-1 antibody zimberelimab, demonstrated promising results:
The safety profile of quemliclustat was consistent with expectations. Common Grade 3 or higher adverse events included neutropenia (37.9%) and anemia (27.6%). Five deaths occurred during the study; none were deemed related to quemliclustat or zimberelimab by investigators. (investors.arcusbio.com)
Last updated: Apr 2025
Goal: Compare overall survival of quemliclustat plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine versus placebo plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in previously untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Patients: Adults with histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, treatment-naive in the metastatic setting, ECOG 0–1, with at least one measurable lesion per RECIST v1.1 outside prior radiation fields. Prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy allowed if completed ≥12 months before randomization; prior palliative radiotherapy allowed if completed ≥2 weeks with recovery to grade ≤1; biliary stents permitted if no active obstruction. Key exclusions include prior therapy for locally advanced unresectable PDAC, brain or leptomeningeal metastases, prior CD73 inhibitor exposure, and clinically significant comorbidities that increase risk with study therapy.
Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial with parallel arms and allocation to investigational combination versus placebo control on a gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel backbone.
Treatments: Experimental arm: quemliclustat plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, all given intravenously. Control arm: placebo plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, intravenously. Quemliclustat (AB680) is a potent, selective small-molecule inhibitor of CD73, targeting adenosine production in the tumor microenvironment to mitigate immunosuppression and potentially restore anti-tumor immune responses. Early-phase data (ARC-8, phase 1b) in first-line metastatic pancreatic cancer combining quemliclustat with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, with or without PD-1 blockade, showed a median overall survival of 15.7 months and an objective response rate of 39%, with a manageable safety profile largely consistent with chemotherapy-related toxicities (notably neutropenia and anemia).
Outcomes: Primary: overall survival. Key secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, objective response rate, duration of response, disease control rate per RECIST v1.1, and incidence and severity of adverse events and serious adverse events. Follow-up for efficacy and safety is planned for up to 72 months.
Burden on patient: Moderate. As a double-blind phase 3 study on a standard gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel schedule, visit frequency and imaging assessments are similar to current first-line care, with regular IV infusions and periodic CT/MRI per RECIST. Added burden stems from the additional investigational/placebo infusion and study-specific safety monitoring, which may include more frequent laboratory evaluations and adverse event assessments, but no intensive pharmacokinetic sampling or mandatory research biopsies are indicated. Travel and time commitments align with typical chemotherapy regimens, with infusion days on a weekly schedule within 28-day cycles early in treatment and routine follow-up thereafter.
Inclusion Criteria:
* Have histologically or cytologically confirmed PDAC that is metastatic.
* Have not been previously treated for PDAC in the metastatic setting.
1. Prior neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy for PDAC is permitted if completed at least 12 months before randomization.
2. Prior palliative radiotherapy is allowed if completed at least 2 weeks prior to randomization and AEs have resolved to Grade 1 or less before randomization.
3. Prior and/or placement of a biliary stent/tube is permitted if any treatment-related AEs have improved to Grade ≤ 1 and the patient is not exhibiting any signs/symptoms of biliary obstruction.
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS of 0 to 1.
* At least 1 target lesion measurable by computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) per RECIST v1.1. not within a field of prior radiation therapy.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Previously treated for locally advanced, unresectable PDAC.
* History of brain metastases or leptomeningeal metastases.
* Prior treatment with a CD73 antagonist or inhibitor.
* Underlying medical conditions that, in the investigator or sponsor's opinion, will make the administration of study-specified therapy hazardous
NOTE: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.
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