A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Petosemtamab Plus Pembrolizumab vs Pembrolizumab in First-line Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic PD-L1+ Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Investigational drug late phase More information Active drug More information Moderate burden on patient More information

Trial Details

Sponsor: Merus N.V. (industry)

Phase: 3

Start date: Sept. 25, 2024

Planned enrollment: 500

Trial ID: NCT06525220
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More trial details at ClinicalTrials.gov More info

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Investigational Drug AI Analysis

chevron Show for: Petosemtamab (MCLA-158)

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Goal: Evaluate whether adding petosemtamab to pembrolizumab improves outcomes versus pembrolizumab alone as first-line therapy in PD-L1–positive recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and characterize safety, quality of life, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity.

Patients: Adults (≥18 years) with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic HNSCC of the oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, or larynx, not amenable to curative local therapy, PD-L1 CPS ≥1, ECOG 0–1, measurable disease by RECIST v1.1, and adequate organ function. No prior systemic therapy for incurable recurrent/metastatic disease; prior multimodal therapy for locally advanced disease allowed if progression occurred ≥6 months after last platinum. Prior anti–PD-(L)1 or anti-EGFR therapy not allowed, with limited exception for cetuximab given with RT if progression >1 year after last dose. Key exclusions include active/symptomatic CNS metastases, leptomeningeal disease, significant cardiac disease, uncontrolled comorbidities or infections, need for immunosuppression, active autoimmune disease requiring systemic therapy, and nasopharyngeal or sinonasal primaries.

Design: Phase 3, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study enrolling approximately 500 participants, allocated to combination therapy versus monotherapy as first-line treatment for PD-L1–positive r/m HNSCC. Global, industry-sponsored trial with blinded independent central review for efficacy endpoints and safety monitoring throughout treatment and follow-up of up to approximately 3 years.

Treatments: Experimental arm: petosemtamab plus pembrolizumab. Petosemtamab (MCLA-158) is a human IgG1 bispecific antibody targeting EGFR and LGR5. It blocks EGFR ligand binding and, via LGR5 co-engagement, promotes selective EGFR internalization/degradation in LGR5+ tumor cells, with enhanced Fc effector function to support ADCC/ADCP. Early-phase data in r/m HNSCC show encouraging activity: as first-line combination with pembrolizumab, interim reports noted high objective response rates and manageable safety; as monotherapy in pretreated settings, clinically meaningful responses and disease control were observed. Control arm: pembrolizumab monotherapy, a standard first-line option for PD-L1–positive r/m HNSCC.

Outcomes: Primary endpoints are overall survival and objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review. Key secondary endpoints include PFS, duration of response, clinical benefit rate, and corresponding investigator-assessed efficacy measures; safety endpoints include incidence of TEAEs, serious TEAEs, treatment discontinuations, and dose modifications. Additional endpoints encompass patient-reported health-related quality of life, pharmacokinetics during initial cycles, and incidence of anti-drug antibodies. Time frames generally extend up to approximately 2 years for efficacy/HRQoL and 30 days post–last dose for safety, with OS followed up to about 3 years.

Burden on patient: Moderate. Requirements include baseline and on-treatment tumor assessments by imaging per RECIST v1.1, a new tumor biopsy unless adequate archival tissue is available, and regular clinic visits for IV infusions. The combination arm adds infusion time and monitoring for infusion-related reactions, particularly during the first dose, and may necessitate electrolyte monitoring (for EGFR-related toxicities such as hypomagnesemia) and dermatologic management. Pharmacokinetic sampling is concentrated in the first six cycles, adding blood draws beyond standard care. Overall visit frequency and imaging schedules are typical for first-line immunotherapy trials; absence of complex dose-escalation procedures and limited long-term PK/ADA sampling keep the burden below that of early-phase studies but higher than standard monotherapy due to combination therapy and initial PK requirements.

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